You may be confused when your veterinarian tells you that your dog is suffering from atopic dermatitis, what is that even? Many people refer to this condition as dog eczema.
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Content:
Can Dogs Get Eczema
It is very common for dogs to get chronic inflammatory, pruritic skin conditions. In fact, atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases that dogs suffer from. Studies have even shown that there is a prevalence of 3–15% in the general dog population and representing between 3% and 58% of dogs affected with skin disease presented to veterinarians (Hillier, Griffin, 2001a, Hill et al, 2006, Nødtvedt et al, 2006)
Unfortunately, atopic dermatitis is often a life-long disease. There is good news though, it can be managed with various medications and diets that are now available from your local veterinarian.
Causes can be:
- Ectoparasites such as ticks and fleas (this can include an allergy to flea bites – Flea Allergy Dermatitis)
- Contact dermatitis (environmental allergens)
- Food sensitivity/allergens (generally from the protein source in the food)
- Even pain – for example if a dog’s wrist is sore, they may constantly lick the affected area (joint) which can develop into a lesion and in this way, bacteria is introduced into
- Bacterial skin infections that are caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius are common in dogs with atopic dermatitis
- Pyoderma - Staphylococcal infection and Malassezia overgrowth
Dr. Olivry says: “Atopic dermatitis is a diagnosis based on the finding of a constellation of typical history and clinical signs with the subsequent elimination of other conditions that might mimic it. Most atopic dogs usually begin manifesting signs between 6 months and 3 years of age. There is no known gender predisposition.”
What Does Dog Eczema Look Like
There are various types of dermatitis, and they present differently. This can be due to where the bacteria were introduced, breed of dog, extent of lesions and type of secondary infection. Genetic factors and predispositions do play a role, some of the breeds that are most affected in South Africa for example are:
Staffordshire Terriers, Bull Terriers, Jack Russel Terriers, Pitbull Terriers.
Dr. Marsella says: “Clinical disease becomes evident once a threshold of inflammatory response is achieved. Skin barrier impairment plays a role in promoting cutaneous dysbiosis and increased allergen penetration.”
The most pronounced symptom is that your dog will be itchy; and will do whatever he can to scratch the affected area. If you spend long periods of time away from home a Petcube Camera is a worthwhile investment to keep an eye on your beloved dog and see if they are itching in any new areas when you are away.
A few symptoms to look out for are:
- Frequent itching or scratching
- Red and inflamed areas of skin
- Moist area of skin with pus like exudate
- Dry, flaky skin
- On occasion pustules develop
- Thickening of the skin
Dog Eczema Treatment
Dr. Saridomichelaki and Dr. Olivry say: “Depending on the severity of the clinical signs of atopic dermatitis and the willingness and expectations of owners, symptomatic treatment and/or specific interventional therapy for environmental allergy (allergen avoidance, allergen-specific immunotherapy) may be implemented.”
An Emergency Fund is recommended for all your pets as you can consult with a veterinarian online as soon as you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above. The ideal protocol is to break the itch cycle and remove the underlying cause of the dermatitis. Generally, medication is required from your veterinarian to break this itch cycle, just treating the lesion or infection will not be enough to prevent future problems from occurring. Diagnostic tests and samples will be performed to determine the best form of treatment for your dog and the way forward.
Conclusion
Atopic dermatitis can evolve over time and can then persist throughout the life of your dog. The definitive diagnosis of atopic dermatitis can be challenging but necessary for a good quality of life for your dog.
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