As a cat parent, you have probably heard about calicivirus - but what is it exactly? In this article, I, Ivana Crnec, DVM, will explain the basics of this dangerous disease.
Content:
What Is Feline Calicivirus & How Cats Get It
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious virus causing upper respiratory infections (URIs), commonly known as cat flu. Studies show that the virus is “widely circulating in cat populations.”
FCV is widespread in multi-cat environments, such as breeding centers and shelters. Although it can affect any cat, it is most common and dangerous in kittens and young adult cats.
Cats contract the virus directly from infected cats or contact with contaminated items, such as food/water bowls (use a different Petcube Fountain for each cat if possible), pet carriers, toys, or surfaces.
Calicivirus Symptoms in Cats
“Feline calicivirus most often affects the lining of the mouth and the lungs,” says Ned F. Kuehn, DVM, in an article for Merck Manual.
You can use the Petcube camera to monitor for signs.
Respiratory Infection Symptoms
From sneezing and discharge to nasal ulcers and coughing, FCV causes various respiratory symptoms. “In kittens, FCV infection can lead to severe pneumonia,” according to studies. The infection can spread to the eyes, causing conjunctivitis and eye discharge.
Mouth and Gums Inflammation
FCV causes inflammation of the mouth (stomatitis) and gums (gingivitis). Both are painful and result in poor appetite and an unkempt overall appearance as the cat is reluctant to groom. Cats with mouth ulcers and inflammation are likely to drool a lot.
Limping Syndrome
Rarely, and in young cats, FCV can cause joint inflammation (arthritis) followed by limping. The limping is temporary, but very painful while it lasts.
Treatment, Home Care & Prevention
The treatment and home care of FCV in cats includes:
- Steam Inhalations: Reduce the nasal congestion by placing the cat in a warm, steamy bathroom for about 15 minutes, twice a day.
- Proper Nutrition: The virus “can cause a lack of appetite that leads to malnutrition and dehydration,” warns a Reddit user. Offer the cat warm canned food as it is more enticing.
- Oral Medications: Pain meds, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, and antibiotics can be used to manage the symptoms and prevent secondary bacterial infections.
- Supportive Care: You can use wet cloths to clean dry nasal discharge, and eye drops if the cat has developed an eye infection.
- Hospitalization: In severe cases, hospitalization is recommended to give intravenous fluids and ensure consistent nutritional support via feeding tubes.
Regular vaccination is the most effective way to prevent feline calicivirus. Vaccinate your kitten when 9 weeks old and practice regular boosters, as directed by the veterinarian.
Conclusion
Feline calicivirus is a highly infectious virus causing respiratory and oral infections in cats. Some cats recover fully from FCV, but it spreads quickly and mutates easily, hence it can be deadly for others, especially kittens.
Vaccinate your kitten or adult cat regularly to prevent calicivirus infections. If an infection occurs, seek veterinary help as early as possible.
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