Megacolon in cats is a serious condition in which the colon is enlarged in size and weakened in function. In this article, I, Ivana Crnec, DVM, will discuss the signs, causes, and treatments for feline megacolon.
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Signs of Megacolon in Cats
Megacolon in cats manifests with a pooping inability (constipation), fewer bowel movements, and tough feces.
Affected cats can be seen attempting to poop but with no success or sitting in the litter box for extended periods without taking the defecating posture.
Diarrhea and red, fresh blood in the feces (hematochezia) is possible in chronic cases due to continuous irritation of the intestinal mucosa.
Systemic signs, such as anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, and weight loss, develop if the condition is left to progress.
Install the helpful Petcube Pet Camera to keep an eye on your cat and notice the telltale signs of megacolon as soon as possible.
What Causes Megacolon in Cats
Megacolon in cats is caused by loss of function or mechanical obstruction. Based on the cause, there are three megacolon types:
- Idiopathic dilated megacolon is when the colon enlarges for no apparent or unknown reason and may culminate in permanent loss of function.
- Hypertrophic megacolon develops when there is an obstruction due to pelvic fractures, hard matter in the feces, or colonic compression due to tumors, scar tissues, or hernias.
- Neurogenic megacolon stems from neurological disorders when the nerve endings in the large bowel malfunction or become damaged.
Studies show that “middle-aged male cats are particularly at risk.”
Also, members of the Manx breed are predisposed to congenital megacolon probably “as a result of breeding for a tail-less appearance,” says Patty Khuly, DVM, in an article for Embrace.
Treatment for Megacolon in Cats
The treatment for megacolon in cats is multimodal and includes:
- Hydration: “If you can figure out how to keep your cat hydrated, that's a big part of the battle,” notes a Reddit user. Adding tuna juice to the water and using Purina HydraCare pouches is helpful.
- Dietary Fiber (Prebiotics): High-fiber diets are recommended for cats with megacolon as they help soften the stool. Parents can use fiber-enriched cat formulas or prebiotic supplements.
- Stool Extraction: Removing the impacted stool is helpful and can be done manually or with the help of enemas or suppositories. Always ask the vet which enemas are safe for cats.
- Medications: Laxatives (lactulose) ease stool passage through the colon, while colonic prokinetic agents (cisapride) stimulate intestinal movements.
- Surgery: Studies suggest that “medical management is often unrewarding in the long term,” requiring surgery. The surgery involves removing the affected part of the colon. Diarrhea can be expected for two to three months post-surgery.
Managing a cat with a megacolon is costly. Get the Petcube Emergency Fund to deal with vet bills. The fund gives up to $3,000 for emergencies and offers unlimited online vet access. Use this link to get it with a 27% discount.
Conclusion
Megacolon is a condition in which part of the cat’s large intestine becomes too stretched out and not strong enough to push stool. It manifests with an inability to poop and requires medical or surgical treatment.
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