GERD is the common abbreviation used for gastroesophageal reflux disease. This is considered a chronic condition where the fluids from the gastric system or intestines flow up and into the oesophagus. When stomach acid enters the oesophagus, it is very irritating and causes discomfort in dogs.
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Can Dogs Have GERD
Yes, dogs can suffer from GERD. The oesophagus is the organ that carries the food down to the stomach. There is a valve in the oesophagus that is supposed to prevent the reverse flow of stomach acid called the oesophageal sphincter, but acid passes through this sphincter and enters the oesophagus when dogs suffer from GERD. This could be due to the sphincter relaxing when it should not.
The acid found in the gastric system and other gastrointestinal fluids cause damage to the protective lining of the oesophagus which can result in esophagitis (inflammation of the oesophagus).
Dr. Kook says: “Esophagitis denotes a localized or diffuse inflammation of the oesophageal mucosa. It is generally thought to result from a caustic or chemical (ie, gastric acid, bile acids) injury.”
GERD is also known as ‘acid reflux’ and can be common in dogs. Brachycephalic dog breeds and puppies are at greater risk of GERD.
Symptoms of GERD in Dogs
Have you ever experienced heart burn? If you have then you know the pain can be quite intense. When this happens to our dogs, they cannot tell us where they are sore or why they are showing signs of discomfort. Possible symptoms to look out for are:
- Difficulty swallowing
- Regurgitation of food after eating
- A decrease in appetite
- Chronic cough
- Appearance of general discomfort or restlessness
- Restlessness at night when usually would be sleeping
- Frequent licking of lips
- Change in the sound of your dog’s bark
“Regurgitation is defined as the passive discharge of gastric or oesophageal fluid from the mouth or nose.” Said Dr. Lamata and colleagues in their research.
If you spend long hours away from home a pet camera is highly recommended to keep an eye on your pooch. This way you can see any changes in behaviour and pick up on a problem before it becomes an emergency. It has been seen in severe cases that dogs lose excessive weight due to lack of necessary nutrients being absorbed.
How to Treat GERD in Dogs
There are a few treatment options available, but most will require a combination and not just one treatment. First your veterinarian will want to be sure of his/her diagnosis and for that laboratory tests, ultrasound examination, x-rays and endoscopy will be involved.
At times like this it is very important to have invested in Emergency Fund for your pet so that you are able to afford the necessary tests and treatment. If left too long without treatment your dog can develop more serious conditions such as lung inflammation from breathing in stomach contents. If this occurs, then your pooch will need to be hospitalised and given antibiotics, supportive care and fluid therapy.
Dr. Moore says: “Endoscopy is generally a very safe and effective tool in the diagnosis and therapy of various gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, and must be used in conjunction with other diagnostic modalities. Endoscopy should not be a substitute for a complete work-up.”
GERD can be caused by an anatomical abnormality and require surgical intervention by a specialist veterinary surgeon. There are also other conditions that can cause similar symptoms that your veterinarian will want to rule out, such as intestinal blockage.
Your veterinarian may prescribe a type of antacid medication to be given daily. This will not stop the reflux completely but can make it less painful and far less damaging to the oesophagus. A medication to strengthen the oesophageal sphincter may also be prescribed, this will help to stop the reflux from occurring. A prescription diet, and multiple smaller meals will also form part of your pet’s treatment plan.
Conclusion
Most dogs improve quickly with the correct treatment. Your veterinarian will monitor your dog’s response and adjust medication; accordingly, some dogs need treatment life long and others only for a short period of time.
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